Public Health
Volume 122, Issue 8 , Pages 754-761 , August 2008

One country, two systems: Public health in China

Received 14 April 2008 ,Accepted 21 April 2008.

References 

  1. Griffiths S, Jewell T, Donnelly P. Public health in practice: the three domains of public health. Public Health. 2005;119:907–913
  2. Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health of Hong Kong. Notifiable infectious diseases, 2007. Available at: 〈http://www.chp.gov.hk/data.asp?lang=en&cat=1&dns_sumID=277&id=43&pid=26&ppid=10〉 [last accessed 26 February 2008].
  3. Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health of Hong Kong. Vital statistics: major health indicators. Available at: 〈http://www.chp.gov.hk/data.asp?lang=en&cat=4&dns_sumID=110&id=27&pid=10&ppid〉 [last accessed 7 April 2008].
  4. Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. Table 004: vital events, statistical tables, Hong Kong statistics. Available at: 〈http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistical_tables/index.jsp?charsetID=1&subjectID=1&tableID=004〉 [last accessed 7 April 2008].
  5. Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. Hong Kong 2006 population by-census—thematic report: household income distribution in Hong Kong. Available at: 〈http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/products_and_services/products/publications/statistical_report/population_and_vital_events/index_cd_B1120045_dt_detail.jsp〉 [last accessed 7 April 2008].
  6. Griffiths S. Sustainable development: a far eastern challenge. Public Health. 2006;120:1114–1116
  7. Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health. Hong Kong population health profile series. Available at: 〈http://www.chp.gov.hk/epidemiology.asp?lang=en&id=360&pid=441&ppid=134&pppid=29〉 [last accessed 7 April 2008].
  8. Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health of Hong Kong. Behavioural risk factor survey (April 2006): main report. Available at: 〈http://www.chp.gov.hk/guideline1.asp?lang=en&id=29〉 [last accessed 14 April 2008].
  9. Smoking (Public Health) (Amendment) Ordinance 2006—Ordinance No. 21 of 2001. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette 2006;43(10):Legal Supplement 1. Available at: 〈http://www.gld.gov.hk/cgi-bin/gld/egazette/gazettefiles.cgi?lang=e&year=2006&month=10&day=27&vol=10&no=43&gn=21&header=1&part=0&df=1&nt=s1&newfile=1&acurrentpage=12&agree=1&gaz_type=ls1〉 [last accessed 7 April 2008].
  10. Foo S. Primary care and private practice in Hong Kong. ‘Primary care: the way forward’ conference, 9 September 2006, School of Public Health, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Available at: 〈http://www.sph.cuhk.edu.hk/〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008].
  11. The basic law of the Hong Kong special administrative region, article 138. Available at: 〈http://www.info.gov.hk/basic_law/fulltext/〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008].
  12. Census and Statistic Department of Hong Kong. Social data collected by the general household survey. Special topic report. Report no. 15. Hong Kong: Government Printer; 1996.
  13. Census and Statistic Department of Hong Kong. Thematic household survey. Report no. 3. Hong Kong: Printing Department; 2000.
  14. Hillier SM, Jewell JA. Health care and traditional medicine in China, 1800–1982. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; 1983;
  15. Needham J. The grand titration: science and society in East and West. London: George Allen and Unwin; 1969;
  16. Sidel V. Serve the people: observations on medicine in the People's Republic of China. Boston: Beacon Press; 1974;
  17. Hoizey D, Hoizey MJ. A history of Chinese medicine. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1993;
  18. Song FJ, Rachwell T, Claryden D. Doctors in China from 1949–1988. Health Policy Plann. 1991;6:64–70
  19. Kan X. Village health workers in China: reappraising the current situation. Health Policy Plann. 1990;5:40–48
  20. Ministry of Health of China. Chinese health statistic yearbook 2007. Available at: 〈http://www.moh.gov.cn/open/statistics/year2007/p207.htm〉 [last accessed 27 February 2008] [in Chinese].
  21. Wu YF. Overweight and obesity in China. BMJ. 2006;333:362–363
  22. China Development Research Foundation. China human development report 2005: development with equity, 2005. Available at: 〈http://www.undp.org.cn/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&topic=40&sid=228〉 [last accessed 27 February 2008].
  23. Hsiao WC. Disparity in health: the underbelly of China's economic development. Harvard China Rev. 2004;5:64–70
  24. Zhao ZW. Income inequality, unequal health care access, and mortality in China. Popul Develop Rev. 2006;32:461–483
  25. Ministry of Health of China, UNICEF, WHO, and UNFPA. Joint review of the maternal and child survival strategy in China. Beijing: Ministry of Health; 2006;
  26. Chan EEY, Griffith S, Gao Y, Chan CW, Fok TF. Addressing disparities in children's health in China. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93:346–352
  27. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office and UN Theme Group on AIDS in China. Joint assessment report of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in China. 2007. Available at: 〈http://www.unchina.org/unaids/UNAIDS%20IN%20ENGLISH/documents/Joint%20Assessment%20Report%20-%202007.pdf〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008].
  28. National Technical Steering Group of the Epidemiology Sampling Survey for Tuberculosis, Office of the Nationwide Epidemiological Sampling Survey for Tuberculosis. Report on nationwide random survey for the epidemiology of tuberculosis in 2000. China Tuberculosis Control J 2002;24:65–108.
  29. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Report on the state of the environment in China. 2006. Available at: 〈http://english.mep.gov.cn/standards_reports/soe/SOE2006/〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008; in Chinese].
  30. Hao YJ. Discussing on occupational safety and health: problems and countermeasures. J N China Coal Med Coll. 2007;9:589–590[in Chinese]
  31. Xu LS. Public health issues related to natural disasters and the countermeasures. Strait J Prev Med. 2007;13:1–3[in Chinese]
  32. Gao Y, Griffiths S, Chan E. Community based interventions to reduce overweight and obesity in China: a systematic review of the Chinese and English literature. J Public Health Adv Access 6 November 2007, doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdm057.
  33. Ma GS, Li YP, Wu YF, Zhai FY, Cui ZH, Hu XQ, et al. The prevalence of body overweight and obesity and its changes among Chinese people during 1992 to 2002. Chin J Prev Med. 2005;39:311–315[in Chinese]
  34. Ji CY, Sun JL, Chen TJ. Dynamic analysis on the prevalence of obesity and overweight school-age children and adolescents in recent 15 years in China. Chin J Epidemiol. 2004;25:103–108[in Chinese]
  35. Mackay J, Eriksen M. The tobacco atlas. World Health Organization; 2002. Available at: 〈http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2002/9241562099.pdf〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008].
  36. Updated status of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 2006. Available at: 〈http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/countrylist/en/index.html〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008].
  37. Liu T. China's health challenges cannot be solved in a day. BMJ. 2006;333:365
  38. Ru X, Lu XY, Li PL. Blue book of China's society: analysis and forecast on China's social development. Beijing: China Social Science Academic Press; 2007;[in Chinese]
  39. Research Project Team of Development Research Center of the State Council of China (DRC). Evaluation and recommendation to China's healthcare system reform. China Develop Rev. 2005;(Suppl 1):1–254[in Chinese]
  40. Hu JT. President Hu's keynote speech to the 17th CPC National Congress (the 5th issue of 8th section), 15 October 2007. Available at: 〈http://www.cctv.com/english/20071025/101154_7.shtml〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008].
  41. Blumenthal D, Hsiao W. Privatization and its discontents—the evolving Chinese health care system. N Engl J Med. 2005;11:1165–1170
  42. Wang H, Zhang L, Yip W, Hsiao W. Adverse selection in a voluntary Rural Mutual Health Care health insurance scheme in China. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63:1236–1245
  43. Akin JS, Dow WH, Lance PM. Did the distribution of health insurance in China continue to grow less equitable in the nineties?. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58:293–304
  44. Chen J. Focus on establishing a basic healthcare system and strive to build up ‘four systems’: the Minister Chen Zhu's speech on the 2008 National Health Forum, 2008. Available at: 〈http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/20922.htm〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008; in Chinese].
  45. Center for China Cooperative Medical Scheme, Ministry of Health of China. Introduction to the new rural CMS. Available at: 〈http://www.ccms.org.cn/english/third-hzylzs.asp?id=10〉 [last accessed 14 April 2008].
  46. Chen J. It is an important strategic goal that all people will enjoy basic medical care and health services’ and it is needed to study and implement the strategy of ‘healthy China 2020’. Available at: 〈http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/20921.htm〉 [last accessed 8 April 2008; in Chinese].

☆ This paper is revised version of the paper presented at the first international conference of the journal Public Health in Lisbon, May 2007.

PII: S0033-3506(08)00121-2

doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.04.015

Public Health
Volume 122, Issue 8 , Pages 754-761 , August 2008

Article Tools