Public Health
Volume 122, Issue 1 , Pages 34-41 , January 2008

Do school-based tobacco prevention programmes pay off? The cost-effectiveness of the ‘Smoke-free Class Competition’

Received 10 April 2006 ,Revised 20 April 2007 ,Accepted 15 May 2007.

References 

  1. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 2004.
  2. Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000. Lancet. 2003;362:847–852
  3. Warren CW, Jones NR, Eriksen MP, Asma S. Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults. Lancet. 2006;367:749–753
  4. Lampert T, Burger M. Smoking habits in Germany—results of the German National Telephone Health Survey 2003. Gesundheitswesen. 2004;66:511–517[in German]
  5. Langness A, Richter M, Hurrelmann K. Health Behaviour in school-aged children—results of the international study ‘Health Behavior in School-aged Children’. Gesundheitswesen. 2005;67:422–431[in German]
  6. Chassin L, Presson CC, Pitts SC, Sherman SJ. The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood in a midwestern community sample: multiple trajectories and their psychosocial correlates. Health Psychol. 2000;19:223–231
  7. US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing tobacco use: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 2000.
  8. Stephens T, Kaiserman MJ, McCall DJ, Sutherland-Brown C. School-based smoking prevention: economic costs versus benefits. Chronic Dis Can. 2000;21:62–67
  9. Tengs TO, Osgood ND, Chen LL. The cost-effectiveness of intensive national school-based anti-tobacco education: results from the tobacco policy model. Prev Med. 2001;33:558–570
  10. Wang LY, Crossett LS, Lowry R, Sussman S, Dent CW. Cost-effectiveness of a school-based tobacco-use prevention program. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:1043–1050
  11. Hanewinkel R, Wiborg G, Paavola M, Vartiainen E. European smoke-free class competition. Tob Control. 1998;7:326
  12. Hanewinkel R, Wiborg G. School-based smoking prevention: results of a prospective controlled trial. Sucht German J Addict Res Pract. 2003;49:333–341[in German]
  13. Crone MR, Reijneveld SA, Willemsen MC, van Leerdam FJ, Spruijt RD, Sing RA. Prevention of smoking in adolescents with lower education: a school based intervention study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:675–680
  14. Schulze A, Mons U, Edler L, Pötschke-Langer M. Lack of sustainable prevention effect of the ‘Smoke-Free Class Competition’ on German pupils. Prev Med. 2006;42:33–39
  15. Hanewinkel R, Wiborg G, Isensee B, Nebot M, Vartiainen E. ‘Smoke-Free Class Competition’: far-reaching conclusions based on weak data. Prev Med. 2006;43:150–151
  16. Vartiainen E, Saukko A, Paavola M, Vertio H. ‘No Smoking Class’ competitions in Finland: their value in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescence. Health Promot Int. 1996;11:189–192
  17. Wiborg G, Hanewinkel R. Effectiveness of the ‘Smoke-Free Class Competition’ in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescence. Prev Med. 2002;35:241–249
  18. Hanewinkel R. ‘Be smart—don’t start’. Results of a non-smoking competition in Germany 1997–2007. Gesundheitswesen. 2007;69:38–44[in German]
  19. Josendal O. Smoke-free class competition may delay the onset of smoking in adolescence. Evidence Based Healthcare. 2003;7:18–19
  20. Hannoveraner Konsensus Gruppe. German recommendations for health economic evaluations—revised version of the Hannover Consensus. Gesundh Ökon Qual Manag 1999;4:A62–5 [in German].
  21. Botvin GJ, Botvin EM, Ruchlin H. School-based approaches to drug abuse prevention: evidence for effectiveness and suggestions for determining cost-effectiveness. In: Cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness research of drug abuse prevention: implications for programming and policy. NIDA research monograph no. 176. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1998. p. 59–82.
  22. Hanewinkel R, Wiborg G. Diffusion of the non-smoking campaign ‘Be smart—don’t start’ between 1997 and 2003 in Germany. Gesundheitswesen. 2003;65:250–254[in German]
  23. Paavola M, Vartiainen E, Puska P. Predicting adult smoking: the influence of smoking during adolescence and smoking among friends and family. Health Educ Res. 1996;11:309–315
  24. Junge B, Nagel M. Smoking behavior in Germany. Gesundheitswesen. 1999;61(Suppl 2):S121–S125[in German]
  25. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C. Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950–2000. Indirect estimates from national vital statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1994;
  26. Welte R, König HH, Leidl R. The costs of health damage and productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking in Germany. Eur J Public Health. 2000;10:31–38
  27. Ruff LK, Volmer T, Nowak D, Meyer A. The economic impact of smoking in Germany. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:385–390
  28. Barendregt JJ, Bonneux L, van der Maas PJ. The health care costs of smoking. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1052–1057
  29. Bundesministerium für Finanzen. Personnel cost rates for cost and economic studies. Appendix 15264. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Finanzen; 2002 [in German].
  30. Caulkins JP, Rydell CP, Everingham SS, Chiesa J, Bushway S. An ounce of prevention, a pound of uncertainty: the cost-effectiveness of school-based drug prevention programs. RAND document no. MR-923-RWJ, Santa Monica, CA; 1999.
  31. Deutsches PISA-Konsortium. PISA 2000: base competencies of students in the international comparison. Opladen: Leske + Budrich; 2001 [in German].
  32. Hodgson TA. Cigarette smoking and lifetime medical expenditures. Milbank Q. 1992;70:81–125
  33. Kiiskinen U, Vartiainen E, Puska P, Pekurinen M. Smoking-related costs among 25 to 59 year-old males in a 19-year individual follow-up. Eur J Public Health. 2002;12:145–151
  34. Leu RE, Schaub T. More on the impact of smoking on medical care expenditures. Soc Sci Med. 1985;21:825–827
  35. Lippiatt BC. Measuring medical cost and life expectancy impacts of changes in cigarette sales. Prev Med. 1990;19:515–532

PII: S0033-3506(07)00169-2

doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.05.007

Public Health
Volume 122, Issue 1 , Pages 34-41 , January 2008

Article Tools