Public Health
Volume 121, Issue 8 , Pages 563-571 , August 2007

Humiliation: the invisible trauma of war for Palestinian youth

  • Rita Giacaman

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Box 154, Ramallah, West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +97222988654; fax: +97222951181.
    • ,
  • Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Box 154, Ramallah, West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory
    • ,
  • Abdullatif Husseini

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Box 154, Ramallah, West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory
    • ,
  • Hana Saab

      Affiliations

    • Social Program Evaluation Group, Faculties of Education and Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • William Boyce

      Affiliations

    • Social Program Evaluation Group, Faculties of Education and Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Received 11 April 2005 ,Revised 12 June 2006 ,Accepted 10 October 2006.

References 

  1. Editorial. Failure to address the health toll of the Middle East crisis. Lancet. 2002;359:1261
  2. Summerfield D. War and mental health: a brief overview. Br Med J. 2000;321:232–235
  3. Pedersen D. Political violence, ethnic conflict, and contemporary wars: broad implications for health and social well being. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55:175–190
  4. Hollifield M, Eckert V, Warner TD, Jenkins J, Krakow B, Ruiz J, et al. Development of an inventory for measuring war-related events in refugees. Compr Psychiatry. 2005;46:67–80
  5. Lindner EG. Humiliation and the human condition: mapping a minefield. Hum Rights Rev. 2001;2:46–63
  6. Lindner EG. Humiliation or dignity: regional conflicts in the global village. Int J Mental Health, Psychosoc Work Counsel Areas Armed Conflict. 2003;1:48–63
  7. Hartling LM, Luchetta T. Humiliation: assessing the impact of derision, degradation, and debasement. J Prim Prev. 1999;19:259–278
  8. Summerfield D. War and mental health: a brief overview. Br Med J. 2000;321:232–235
  9. Four Years—Intifada, Closures and Palestinian Economic Crisis. An Assessment. The World Bank; 2004;
  10. Levi G. Where hatred and despair are fomented. Haaretz Daily, January 18, 2004.
  11. Laor Y. Al-mahsum, mahsom, checkpoint. Haaretz Daily, December 2, 2004.
  12. Currie C, Sandal O, Boyce W, Smith B. Health behavior in school-aged children: a World Health Organization cross-national study. Research protocol for the 2001/2 survey. Edinburgh: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Edinburgh; 2001.
  13. Thabet AA, Vostanis P. Post traumatic stress disorder reactions in children of war: a longitudinal study. Child Abuse Neglect. 2000;24:291–298
  14. In:  Boyce W editors. Young People in Canada: Their Health and Well-being. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada; 2004;
  15. Giacaman R, Husseini A, Gordon NH, Awartani F. Imprints on the consciousness: the impact on Palestinian civilians of the Israeli army invasion of West Bank towns. Eur J Public Health. 2004;14:286–290
  16. Currie C, Hurrelmann K, Settertobulte W, Smith R, Todd J, editors. Health and health behavior among young people. Health behavior in school-aged children: a WHO cross-national study (HBSC) international report. WHO Policy Series: Health policy for children and adolescents Issue 1. Geneva: WHO; 2000.
  17. Moses A. Exposure to violence, depression and hostility in a sample of inner city high school youth. J Adolesc. 1999;22:21–32
  18. Mohta M, Sethi AK, Tyagi A, Mohta A. Psychological care in trauma patients. Injury. 2003;34:17–25
  19. den Boer JA. Social anxiety disorder/social phobia: epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology and treatment. Compr Psychiatry. 2000;41:405–415
  20. Jewkes R, Abrahams N, Mvo Z. Why do nurses abuse patients? Reflections from South African obstetric services. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47:1781–1795
  21. McCarthy AC. Torture: thinking about the unthinkable. Commentary. 2004;118:17–25

PII: S0033-3506(07)00125-4

doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.10.021

Public Health
Volume 121, Issue 8 , Pages 563-571 , August 2007

Article Tools