Risk factors for ventricular septal defect in finland
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Prenatal cannabis exposure - The “first hit” to the endocannabinoid system
2016, Neurotoxicology and TeratologyCitation Excerpt :Since congenital heart defects are the most prevalent birth defect that contributes to infant mortality, it is essential to understand the risk factors for heart defects (Centers for Disease, C. and Prevention, 1998; Watkins and Botto, 2001; Hoffman and Kaplan, 2002). Investigation of the effects of illicit drug use on the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSD) revealed that increased maternal and paternal marijuana use correlated positively with a greater risk of VSD (Williams et al., 2004; Ewing et al., 1997), the most common type of congenital cardiac anomaly (Tikkanen and Heinonen, 1991). Maternal marijuana use was also found to increase the risk of Ebstein's anomaly, a congenital heart defect in which the tricuspid valve leaflet is displaced, affecting cardiac blood flow, which can lead to an increased incidence of heart failure or enlargement of the heart (Lurie and Ferencz, 1997).
The pathogenesis of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects with special emphasis on the role of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion
2012, DifferentiationCitation Excerpt :Other potential risk factors for AVSD include urinary tract infection during the first trimester of pregnancy (Cleves et al., 2008), maternal use of ibuprofen (Ferencz et al., 1997), moderate to heavy maternal cigarette use (Ferencz et al., 1997; Malik et al., 2008), maternal use of cocaine (Ferencz et al., 1997) and maternal exposure to paint, varnishes, and ionizing radiation (Cleves et al., 2008; Ferencz et al., 1997; Malik et al., 2008). Ostium secundum defects have been linked to pre-pregnancy obesity (Gilboa et al., 2010), maternal use of β blockers (Caton et al., 2009), alcohol (Tikkanen and Heinonen, 1991), cigarette use (Kallen, 1999), and maternal age higher than 34 (Ferencz et al., 1997). Much like their morphological features, classification, and clinical presentation, the etiology of septal defects is complex.
Maternal exposure to housing renovation during the periconceptional period and the risk of offspring with isolated congenital heart disease: a case-control study
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